The Underground Thomist
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Evangelizing Christians (Part 1 of 4)Monday, 10-06-2014
If baptism isn’t just a symbol of initiation, but an initiation, then Zack was already a Christian. God’s seal had been impressed indelibly on his soul. The inky divine thumbprint declared, “Mine.” He was adopted into God’s family, inducted into the knighthood of worship. Not that anyone would have known. If he was a knight, he was an errant one, a wanderer in search of adventures, mostly the kind that can be had in women’s beds. Though he “thought of himself as a Christian,” he lived like any hedonist, taking his beliefs about living, dying, God, good, and evil from the nonbelieving world in which he lived. One day when he visited a new church, the desert of his heart was strangely moistened. Looking back on the experience, he said that he had never “heard” the Gospel of grace until that day. Familiar story? Yet there is something wrong with it. Every Sunday in his own church, Zack had sat through lections from the Old Testament, the Psalms, the Epistles, and the Four Evangelists. His eardrums were intact. His auditory nerves functioned. He even claims that he paid attention. So he “heard” in the mechanical sense; the problem was that he did not “hear” in the spiritual sense. He had not grown the right kind of ears, and that story too is familiar. What keeps people them from hearing? The obstacles come in three main varieties, but they can be overcome. Part 2 tomorrow.
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Did You Hear the One ...Sunday, 10-05-2014
... about the agnostic dyslexic insomniac? He stayed up all night wondering, “Is there a dog?”
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Why I Don't Trust Narrative TheologySaturday, 10-04-2014If you want to explain what is less clear, you must fall back on what is more clear. Certainly there is a lot to learn from the biblical narrative, but one must interpret it in the light of the doctrinal statements, not vice versa. To set aside explicit teachings and rely on the stories alone is just a way to pipe in one’s own prejudices and call them the teachings of the Bible. Anything goes. Obviously this traditional approach wouldn’t work if we were dealing with inconsistent texts – for example if grandpa said “Never steal,” but spun tale after tale of thieves getting the best of honest folk. But the premise of Scripture is that God, always truthful, is consistent. What He teaches by story, statement, and precept cannot be divided.
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The Uses of ErrorFriday, 10-03-2014
“[A]s we have compounded healthful drugs from certain of the reptiles; so from secular literature we have received principles of inquiry and speculation, while we have rejected their idolatry, terror and pit of destruction. Nay, even those have aided us in our religion, by our perception of the contrast between what is worse and what is better, and by gaining strength for our doctrine from the weakness of theirs.” -- Gregory of Nazianzen, Pangyric on St.Basil, sec. 11
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False Light and Real DarknessThursday, 10-02-2014
“Better real darkness than false light, say the saints; better real confusion than false clarity.” -- Inaugural address of Fr. Thomas Hopko, Dean, St. Vladimir's Orthodox Seminary (1993)
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Just for the RecordWednesday, 10-01-2014
Several philosophers elsewhere on the web seem confused about whether I am an NNL theorist. That means a “new natural law” theorist, a follower of the basic goods approach of John Finnis, Joseph Boyle, and Germain Grisez. Heavens, no, not at all. I am a traditional Thomist, and I’ve criticized the NNL theory in several places. Among other things, I think that its rejection of natural teleology is a mistake; that what it calls the “incommensurability thesis” -- the view that no fundamental good can be viewed as more important than any other – is false; and that its analysis of what it calls “the basic good of religion” is dreadfully misleading. But one can view a theory as fundamentally mistaken and still find something helpful in what its proponents have said. I have certainly borrowed and adapted one of Finnis’s ideas about the one-flesh unity of the husband and wife. As I would put it, neither of the two has “a reproductive system” – each has only half of one. The procreative purpose cannot be accomplished until they join. But notice that I have just referred to the inbuilt purpose of the sexual powers. Finnis would not do that, and he would regard my borrowing as illegitimate. I think his idea makes sense only in the context of natural teleology; he is trying to avoid it.
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Why We Should Think More Critically About So-Called Critical ThinkingWednesday, 10-01-2014Fallacies of reasoning fall come in two kinds. Logic textbooks focus on formal fallacies, slips in inference: “If all dogs have tails, then all animals with tails are dogs.” So-called critical thinking instruction tends to focus on informal fallacies, tricks of distraction: “Scientific people don’t believe in ghosts, so there must not be any ghosts.” “If we don’t change our mind about global warming, we’ll all drown!” “Everyone knows the moon is made of cheese.” "How can you be so unpatriotic as to criticize the President's proposal?" There certainly are such things as informal fallacies, and in the last four examples, the reasoning really is fallacious. Unfortunately, having been raised on bad critical thinking textbooks, most of my students think all appeals to such things as authority, fear, popular opinion, and shame are illegitimate. That’s utterly false. Let us think a little more critically about so-called critical thinking. Take authority: There is nothing wrong with asking a geologist about the chemical composition of limestone, since I can't possibly have first-hand knowledge of everything, and he knows more about limestone than I do. Careful use of authority serves the ends of reason provided that I have reasonable assurance of the supposed authority's honesty, reliability, and qualifications, the question asked concerns his own field of expertise, I consider not just his answers but the reasons he gives for them, and, if authorities differ, I consult the other ones too. Or take fear: Of course the mere fact that laws are backed up with fear of punishment does not prove that their principles are true. But laws are not illegitimate just because they depend on fear. Law is a teacher, and those who will not listen to reason must be instructed by penalties. Or popular opinion: We have no inside knowledge about what the moon is made of, but we do have inside knowledge of many other things – for example, the structure of human motivation. So, the fact that almost all people in all times and places would agree that they undertake each of their acts for the sake of some good is a strong argument that they really do. Though we may have forgotten, the classical philosophers understood this well Even shame: If I really have done wrong, then those who arouse my conscience are doing me a favor. They are asking me to pay attention to the data; they are calling my attention to something that deep down, I already know. Such an appeal to shame is entirely legitimate.
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