Idealism

Monday, 03-14-2016

A reader responds:

I don’t think you’re wrong that socialists like Bernie Sanders supporters may have materialistic motives, but I wouldn’t be so quick to forget the genuine idealism of youth.  They would like to get things for free, but they think everybody else should too!

Reply:

Thank you for that wonderful line!  And I agree that non-materialistic motives may also be involved.  But just what non-materialistic motives are we thinking of?

I’m not keen on the term “idealism.”  It sounds like a virtue, but it isn’t one.  What I think we are really dealing with is what used to be called “enthusiasm.”  It meant a tendency to enthuse -- a high-minded, high-spirited emotionalism -- which is a most equivocal quality.

Yes, enthusiasm can be transformed by charity into a virtue.  Medieval Europe was transformed when thousands of young people followed Dominic and Francis and took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.  Even today, many young people feel the call to give up everything for God, and struggle with all their might to understand it.  It isn’t like voting for free tuition!

But enthusiasm can also decay into something ugly.  Political messianism is “idealistic,” but more blood has been shed for power and utopia than has ever been shed for power alone.  Besides, without the divine gift of humility, pursuing a cause larger than self is compatible with the most extreme selfishness – just because one is sure one is good.

 

The Hardest Addiction of All

Sunday, 03-13-2016

“[Irony] is the hardest addiction of all.  Forget heroin.  Just try giving up irony, that deep-down need to mean two things at once, or be in two places at once, not to be there for the catastrophe of a fixed meaning.”

-- The main character, Patrick, in Edward S. Aubyn’s novel, At Last

 

What We Have Read of in Books

Saturday, 03-12-2016

Up until now, we have been shielded in our country from many of the usual misfortunes.  Now we have begun to experience what hitherto we have only read of in books, like the Cult of the Leader.  In the advent of the current president we saw it in its God-Emperor mode; in the advent of another unmentionable person we are seeing it in its Swaggering Thug mode.

I should have said, what some of us have read of in books.  Too bad we think reading is outdated.  Too bad we think history is bunk.

 

The Authenticity of It All

Friday, 03-11-2016

Question:

I think your point that socialists can be just as materialistic as capitalists is well-taken. However, I’m not so sure the main appeal of Bernie to the young is free tuition (at least not free tuition for them). Most of the young non-religious people I know -- mostly artists of some kind -- support Bernie, and most of them are already out of college.

They are already leftists, they are already ignorant of economics, and they support Bernie rather than Hilary because they sense authenticity in him -- he actually believes what he is saying, unlike anyone else in the race.

Reply:

You’re trying to understand why confirmed young leftists might support Senator Sanders over Senator Clinton, and I’m sure your reasoning is correct.  But I’m trying trying to understand why unformed young people might be attracted to his leftism in the first place.

They do want someone “authentic.”  But although it is difficult to believe in the authenticity of someone as indictable as Senator Clinton, I don’t think it true that nobody else in either party believes what he is saying.

On the other hand, it is easy to believe in the authenticity of someone who enthusiastically promotes one’s own self-interest.  And to feel good about it too.

 

Coming Monday:  Is it all materialism, or is there something else too?

 

Plague Vector

Wednesday, 03-09-2016

Around the same time as the incident I told about in yesterday’s post, the contraceptive mandate came up in another class.  I mentioned how strange it seemed to me personally to call artificial contraception, sterilization, and the provision of abortion-inducing drugs “health care,” because pregnancy is not a disease.

A young man responded that pregnancy is a disease.

“Do you mean that pregnancy itself is pathological,” I asked, “or do you mean only that although pregnancy is a natural condition, complications may arise during the course of it?”

He vigorously denied that the distinction was valid.  Pregnancy is associated with certain health risks, therefore it is a disease.  Although some of the other students were shocked, others agreed with him.  Still others seemed troubled and confused.

Since I had encountered this view in the writings of abortionists, I shouldn’t have been surprised, but I hadn’t fully realized how common it had become.  It was as though a plague vector had escaped from a containment facility and was spreading through the population.

 

Cable Bills and Birth Control Pills

Tuesday, 03-08-2016

It happened several years ago, but I guess anecdotes on the increasing split in the culture are never out of date.  I was guest-lecturing about political theology and St. Augustine’s City of God in a colleague’s graduate seminar.  Discussion ranged widely, and among the things that came up was the federal mandate requiring that employers who provide insurance plans include coverage for artificial contraception, sterilization, and abortion-inducing drugs, even if they are morally opposed to doing so.

Someone suggested that the motivation for the mandate couldn’t be financial, because a month’s supply of birth-control pills costs doesn’t cost much anyway.  “That’s not true!” protested one young woman angrily.  “My birth control pills cost more than my cable bill!”

Irrespective of the cost of her pills, I was taken aback.  She could afford cable, yet she pled poverty, so that others would pay for her privilege of sleeping with anyone at any time -- and she was indignant that the others might not want to.

 

Peter Rabbit

Monday, 03-07-2016

Question:

In The Line Through the Heart you remind your readers that “A truly adequate theory of the natural law will not always be turning into metatheory of the natural law, a theory about theories.  It will resist that tendency.”

But you also comment about why that tendency is so pervasive.  We quarrel about natural law not because it isn’t obvious, but because we don’t like it.  Instead of trying to understand how we are made, we waste time pretending that we aren’t really made that way.

What I think you’ve just described is an apologetics problem, and I face it all the time.  I struggle with how to reply and interact with those for whom conversation seems to so quickly turn into the game that someone has called "Everything you can do I can do meta."  Pick a meta -- any meta. 

Could you suggest questions I could use to suggest to my friends that one's epistemology ought to be the handmaiden of what we know, instead of a way to deny what we know?

Reply:

You may have in mind a conversation about the natural law itself, and in another post I’ve given an example of that sort of thing.  But I think you have in mind something different – the Peter Rabbit game in which you ask a concrete moral question about, say, abortion, marriage, or euthanasia, and instead of answering it, and your friend, casting you in the role of Mr. McGregor, hides under the flower pot of metaquestions:  “How do we know whether anything is right?”  “Who is to say what the nature of anything is?”

Don’t misunderstand me:  Such questions are important.  But the proper place of such questions is to help find things out, not to run away from finding them out -- to become wise, rather than exercise our cleverness.

First, then, here’s how not to respond when someone hides in the flower pot.  Don’t open a discussion of how epistemology ought to be the handmaiden of what we know.  You’re right – it should be -- but you’re playing the other fellow’s game.  He retreated from questions to metaquestions, and you’ve responded by retreating from metaquestions to meta-metaquestions.  The obvious move for him now is to pose a meta-meta-metaquestion.  “You say P is the handmaiden of Q, but how are we to decide the priority of one inquiry to another?”  You see?  You are trapped in an infinite regress.

So when your friend tries to jump into the flower pot, don’t follow him.  Instead, grab his ankle and pull him back out to the original question.  He will either allow himself to be pulled back, or he won’t.  If he does allow himself to be pulled back, then you discuss the question.  If he doesn’t, then he forfeits -- and you have to make that clear.  For example:

You:  “So are you saying that taking the lives of unborn babies is morally right?”

Him:  “Ah, but that is the question, isn’t it?  What is a baby?”

You:  “Are you saying that since you don’t know what babies are, killing them should be allowed?”

Him:  “Who am I to say what should be allowed?  Who is anyone to say what a baby is?”

You:  “Have you noticed that you aren’t answering my questions?”

Him:  “I am trying to point out that many, many other questions would have to be answered before I could answer your question.”

You:  “I propose that while we are engaging in that interminable inquiry, we let the babies live.  Do you agree?”

Him:  “That raises an interesting quandary about the epistemological requirements of practical decision.”

You:  “Let’s suspend our discussion of the abortion question until some time when you are actually willing to answer it.  In the meantime, you have my own answer:  Let them live.”